{"id":59624,"date":"2014-07-21T09:58:36","date_gmt":"2014-07-21T07:58:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.whalecottage.com\/blog\/?p=59624"},"modified":"2014-09-11T14:07:36","modified_gmt":"2014-09-11T12:07:36","slug":"high-chef-turnover-in-cape-and-winelands-restaurants-new-restaurant-openings-continue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.chrisvonulmenstein.com\/blog\/cape-town\/high-chef-turnover-in-cape-and-winelands-restaurants-new-restaurant-openings-continue\/","title":{"rendered":"High Chef turnover in Cape and Winelands restaurants, new restaurant openings continue!"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Foliage<\/a>For the first time in many years Cape Town has seen barely any restaurant closures this winter. There have never been so many chefs leaving their employers to start their own restaurants, or to join other employers! An unusually high number of new restaurants have opened or will do so in the next month or two.<\/p>\n

This list of restaurant openings and closings, restaurant staff movements, and winter holiday closures, is\u00a0updated continuously,\u00a0<\/strong>as we receive new information:<\/p>\n

Restaurant Openings<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Chef Chris Erasmus<\/strong>\u00a0has opened his own restaurant\u00a0Foliage<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0in Franschhoek, having previously been at Pierneef \u00e0 La Motte.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Chef\u2019s Warehouse & Canteen has opened\u00a0Street Food<\/strong>\u00a0below the neighbouring hotel, offering Deluxe coffee, pastries, and Asian-inspired lunch take-outs. Operates from 7h00 \u2013 15h00 Monday – Friday.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Idiom Wines<\/strong>\u00a0is said to be opening a restaurant.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>The Butcher Shop & Grill<\/strong>\u00a0is opening next to Sotano in Mouille Point.<\/span><\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Michael Townsend<\/strong>\u00a0(La Parada, Lucky Fish, Harbour House emporium) is opening a steak restaurant in Muizenberg in November.<\/span><\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Neil Grant and his business partner Barry Engelbrecht (of Burrata) are opening a new restaurant\u00a0Bocca<\/strong>\u00a0on the corner of Bree and Wale Streets, \u2018more low key, more Bree Street, more user-friendly<\/em>\u2018, with an Italian pizza oven too. \u00a0They are also taking over the River Caf\u00e9 (renaming it) at Constantia Uitsig.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Hard Rock Caf\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0has returned to South Africa, and has opened the first of four branches on Mandela Square in Johannesburg. \u00a0Branches in Cape Town, Pretoria, and Durban are planned.<\/span><\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0The Local Grill<\/strong>\u00a0steak restaurant from Johannesburg has opened in Woodstock, on Albert Road, with a microbrewery to open shortly.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0NV-80<\/strong>\u00a0has opened in the Checkers building in Sea Point.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Baked in the Wood<\/strong>\u00a0is to open in Woodstock in 2015, offering craft beer and tapas, and is owned by Zahir Mohamed of Baked Bistro.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0@Food & Wine<\/strong>\u00a0has opened in Hermanus.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Franky\u2019s Diner<\/strong>\u00a0has opened on Main Road, Sea Point.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Beijing Opera<\/strong>\u00a0has opened on Rose Street.<\/span><\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0The Lunch Depot<\/strong>\u00a0has opened.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Hard Pressed Caf\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0has opened at the bottom of Bree Street.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Casa du Sol Grill House<\/strong>\u00a0has opened in Claremont.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Borage Bistro<\/strong><\/span><\/a>\u00a0has opened with Chef Frank Marx, previously of The Fat Duck, Dinner with Heston, La Colombe, The Test Kitchen, and The Pot Luck Club<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Charcoal Dining<\/strong>\u00a0has opened where Chef\u2019s Warehouse was previously.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0The Depot<\/strong>\u00a0has opened.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Isola<\/strong>\u00a0has opened on Wale Street (but seems closed most days lately).<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Thornton Whites Gastro Bar<\/strong>\u00a0has opened<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Strandcaf\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0has opened in Strand.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0Catacombs Bar<\/strong>\u00a0has opened below La Parada on Bree Street<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0The Lanique Bistro & Bar within Andiamo<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0has opened<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0DeKapo<\/strong>\u00a0has opened as a Halaal restaurant in Mouille Point<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Anthony\u2019s<\/strong>\u00a0has opened in Durbanville<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Plan B<\/strong>\u00a0Bar and Caf\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0has opened<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Flames<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0View<\/strong>\u00a0have opened in the Four Seasons Hotel The Westcliff in Johannesburg, with Chef Dirk Gieselmann, previously of 3 Michelin star Auberge de I\u2019ll \u00a0in France.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Greg\u2019s Souvlaki<\/strong>\u00a0has opened in Newlands<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Yo Meatball<\/strong>\u00a0has opened on Roeland Street<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Lucky Fish<\/strong>\u00a0is opening in Wynberg.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Chef Craig Cormack has opened a\u00a0Pop-Up Pizza & Pasta Restaurant<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>next to the\u00a0All\u00e9e Bleue’s<\/strong>\u00a0winetasting centre, open until end September.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0CreATE Inspirational Caf\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0has opened in Stellenbosch.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Honest Chocolate Caf\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0will open next to Honest Chocolate on Wale Street in the next month or two.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Brandon of the Caveau Crew is opening The Lady Ava<\/strong> in Mouille Point!<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Crisp<\/strong><\/a>, ‘purveyors of fine produce’<\/em>, has opened as a deli and coffee shop in Franschhoek.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Cold Press Juice Bar<\/strong> has opened in the Cape Quarter.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Kokkedoor judge and Chef Nic van Wyk and Roxy Laker have opened\u00a0bistro 13 at Stellenbosch Vineyards<\/strong><\/span><\/a> (Welmoed) in September.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Izakaya Matsuri<\/strong> has opened in The Rockwell in Green Point, belonging to the same owner as Genki in Stellenbosch<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Piazza Italia<\/strong><\/a> has opened on Park Road in Gardens.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Shift<\/strong> has opened as a coffee shop in Cape Royale Luxury Hotel<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Pasta Cafe<\/strong> has opened in the Cape Royale Luxury Hotel<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Tasha’s<\/strong> is opening in Canal Walk<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Local\u00e9 Cocktail & Pincho Bar<\/strong> is opening in Mowbray, as a joint venture between Baked Bistro and Starlings Caf\u00e9<\/p>\n

Restaurant Closures<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Long-established\u00a0<\/span>Five Flies<\/strong>\u00a0has closed down.<\/span><\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Barouche<\/strong>\u00a0restaurant at Blaauwklippen has closed down<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Jewel of India<\/strong>\u00a0on Rose Street has closed down.<\/span><\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Casparaus<\/strong> has closed down in Stellenbosch<\/p>\n

Restaurant chef\/staff\/venue changes<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Morgenster<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0is planning a new restaurant with an (very big name) international partner, a Caf\u00e9, a Deli, and accommodation, a project which is still in development phase, but is planned to roll out in summer.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0<\/span>\u00a0Fyndraai<\/strong>\u00a0will be moving into a new restaurant building on Solms-Delta, making space for the current restaurant venue to become the tasting room.<\/span><\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Haas<\/strong>\u00a0is moving to Buitenkant Street on 12 September.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Manna Epicure<\/strong>\u00a0has been bought by Agn\u00e9s and Johannes van der Westhuizen, previously of Die Sitrus in Citrusdal.<\/span><\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Chef Bruce Robertson has moved from Scarborough to Simon\u2019s Town, opening\u00a0The Flagship<\/strong>\u00a0guest house and a 16 seater restaurant.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Ocean Basket<\/strong>\u00a0has opened in Camps Bay, where Bayside Caf\u00e9 used to be.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>The Gallery Restaurant at South Hills<\/strong>\u00a0has opened in Elgin, where Chef Gordon Manuel used to run his restaurant.<\/span><\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Le Quartier Fran\u00e7ais<\/strong>\u00a0GM Linda Coltart has left after 16 years.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Tra\u00fcmerei has changed its name to\u00a0Caf\u00e9 Franschhoek.<\/strong><\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Fisherman\u2019s Catch<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0has closed, after re-opening twice this year. \u00a0It has a new sign West Coast Farm Stall and Coffee Shoppe, but it does not appear to have opened yet! \u00a0Now a new Addiction sign has been erected!<\/span><\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Craft Bakery,<\/a><\/strong> and Craft Wheat & Hops <\/strong><\/a>has opened\u00a0where Apprentice used to be in Andringa Street in Stellenbosch.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Chef Andres Cond\u00e9<\/a>,<\/strong>\u00a0formerly from elBulli and Tickets Michelin-star restaurants, has joined the\u00a0<\/span>Harbour House Group<\/strong>. \u00a0He will eventually open a fine dining restaurant in the Constantia Nek restaurant building<\/span><\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Good Food & Co<\/strong>\u00a0in Franschhoek has re-opened with a new owner, Warren McNicol. \u00a0Previous Chef Kim will return.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 The Company\u2019s Garden Restaurant will be taken over by the Zingara Group, and renamed\u00a0Haarlem & Hope.<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0It will open in Spring.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 The\u00a0River Caf\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0will re-open at Constantia Uitsig, with a new name, and operated by Neil Grant and his business partner Barry Engelbrecht of Burrata, opening in September\/October.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Chef Carl Penn of Pedlars on the Bend has opened Alcantra\u00a0<\/strong>in the former Don Pedro in Woodstock.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Carne Bistro\u00a0<\/strong>has opened on Kloof Street, where Caffe Milano was, and another Carne is said to be opening in Wynberg.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Mange Tout at Mont Rochelle in Franschhoek has been renamed\u00a0<\/span>Miko<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Chef Jackie Cameron has left Hartford House, and opens the\u00a0Jackie Cameron School of Food and Wine<\/strong>\u00a0in Hilton in January.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Luvey \u2018n Rose<\/strong>\u00a0has reopened on Loop Street.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Chef Gerald van der Walt of The Greenhouse at Cellars-Hohenhort has joined\u00a0The Tasting Room<\/strong>\u00a0at Le Quartier Fran\u00e7ais as Head Chef.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0La Colombe<\/strong>\u00a0has moved out of Constantia Uitsig, to re-open at Silvermist in Hout Bay in October.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Chef PJ Vadas<\/strong>\u00a0has left Camphors at Vergelegen, to open his own \u00a0restaurant and brewery\u00a0The Hog House<\/strong>\u00a0in Cape Town.<\/p>\n

*<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0 Rocca<\/strong>\u00a0in the Cape Quarter has been sold to new owner Ken, and in September will change its name to\u00a0<\/span>Celtic Cove.<\/strong><\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>La Parada<\/strong>\u00a0is opening in part of the former Constantia Nek restaurant building<\/span><\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Umi<\/strong>\u00a0restaurant in Camps Bay has been halved in size, and\u00a0<\/span>La Belle Caf\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0has opened in the other half. \u00a0It is a sister restaurant to the one based in The Alphen, also being part of the Kovensky Group.<\/span><\/p>\n

* \u00a0 &Union has changed ownership, having been bought by Jason Lilley of Jason’s, and its name to\u00a0WeinHaus & Biergarten<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Jamie\u2019s Italian<\/strong>\u00a0is opening in the V&A Waterfront, when the Sevruga lease expires, Chef Jamie Oliver already having restaurants in Canada, Australia, Dubai, Ireland, Hong Kong, Russia, Singapore, and Turkey.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 The Daily Deli in Tamboerskloof has changed owners, and will change its name to the\u00a0Blue Caf\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n

* \u00a0 1800\u00b0 Bistro at the Cape Royale Luxury Hotel has re-opened as The Banting Kitchen<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Amy and Marc Botes<\/strong>\u00a0have taken over Mozzarella Bar from Giorgio Nava on Kloof Street, and renamed it Chalk & Cork.<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Burgundy<\/strong> in Hermanus has been sold to Willem and Estie Steyn, who in turn have sold Savannah<\/strong>. \u00a0They also own @Food and Wine in Hermanus.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Ryan’s Kitchen<\/strong>\u00a0has left its location within Rusthof due to renovations to the building. \u00a0It will re-open in November, at the former Pistachio Bistro in Place Vendome in Franschhoek.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Wakaberry<\/strong> on Kloof Street has moved to the Cape Quarter<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Dylan Jacobs<\/strong> is the new Executive Chef at Caf\u00e9 Caprice, previously with Five Flies.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 65 on Main has changed its name to 65 on Main\u00a0Lifestyle Food & Banting Caf\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Khuselo Mputa<\/strong> is leaving Aubergine, and starting at Grande Provence as Sommelier and Restaurant Manager on 1 September.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Xolani Mancotywa<\/strong> has joined La Residence as Sommelier and Beverage Manager.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Llewellyn Lambert<\/strong>\u00a0has joined The Franschhoek Kitchen at Holden Manz as Restaurant Manager.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Chef\u00a0Michael Cooke<\/strong>\u00a0from La Colombe has joined Camphors at Vergelegen as Executive Chef, taking over from PJ Vadas.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Chef\u00a0Gary Richardson<\/strong> leaves Stables at Vergelegen at the end of August, opening his own restaurant in Harfield Village in November.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Restaurant Manager Jason van Heerden<\/strong> is leaving Stables at Vergelegen, returning to Brisbane. \u00a0Marvin Seekoei is the new Manager.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Chef Stefan Danz<\/strong> of Babylonstoren is joining Stables at Vergelegen as Executive Chef.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Grande Roche<\/strong>\u00a0is on the market.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 The management of Tokara has taken over the management of Tokara DeliCATessen<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Aroma Caf\u00e9 has opened on Loop Street.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Maison<\/strong> is opening a Deli offering tapas type dishes to pair with its winetasting in October.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Ashley Moss<\/strong> is the new Head Chef at The Greenhouse.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 The Salmon Bar<\/strong> in Franschhoek has been sold again, after just a few months. \u00a0The new owners take over on 1 September.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Chef Christiaan Campbell<\/strong> of Delaire Graff is moving to Boschendal<\/strong><\/span><\/a> in mid-October.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Chef Brad Ball<\/strong> of Bistro Sixteen82 is leaving mid-September and moving to Pedlars on the Bend.<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Belsol<\/strong>\u00a0Portuguese restaurant opening in Camps Bay, where Luigi’s used to be<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Truffle<\/strong><\/span><\/a>\u00a0has opened where Leaf, Portofino, and The Showroom used to be.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 The Executive Club at the Westin Cape Town has changed its name to On 19.<\/strong><\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Chef Oliver Cattermole has left Mondiall and joined the Leeu Collection<\/strong><\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Chef Nick Blazic has left Truffle restaurant<\/strong><\/span><\/a>, and has been replaced by Ryan Brown.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Chef Marile van Niekerk<\/strong> has left Craft Wheat & Hops to join LUST Bakery & Bistro at Vrede en Lust as Head Chef.<\/p>\n

Temporary restaurant holiday closures<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Boschendal<\/strong>\u00a0has closed, for an extensive renovation as a wedding destination, \u00a0over winter. A new restaurant operator is expected to be appointed for the summer.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0The Bungalow<\/strong>, Clifton: closed until 28 August<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Mange Tout\/Miko<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0The Country Kitchen<\/strong>\u00a0at Mont Rochelle are closed for renovations until August.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0The Kitchen at Maison<\/strong>: 2 June \u2013 4 August<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Marianna\u2019s<\/strong>: closed from 15 June for winter<\/span><\/p>\n

* \u00a0<\/span>\u00a0Makaron at Majeka House<\/strong>: 26 June \u2013 1 August<\/span><\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Buitenverwachting<\/strong>: from 28 June<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Charly\u2019s Bakery<\/strong>\u00a0is closed until the end of July.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0The Greenhouse<\/strong>: 29 June \u2013 31 July<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Balducci:<\/strong>\u00a029 June \u2013 31 July<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>The Piano Bar<\/strong>\u00a0is closed from 13 \u2013 27 July<\/span><\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0The Pot Luck Club<\/strong>: 14 \u2013 27 July<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Haute Cabriere:<\/strong>\u00a014 July \u2013 4 August<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Leopard\u2019s Leap Rotisserie<\/strong>: 15 July \u2013 5 August<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Eight to Go<\/strong>\u00a0at Spier: closed until 1 August<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0La Colombe<\/strong>: closed until end September<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0Springfontein Eats<\/strong>\u00a0is closed until 4 September<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Tokara DeliCATessen<\/strong> will be closed for renovations in September.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 Mynt<\/strong> in Camps Bay has re-opened.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0 \u00a0Ryan’s Kitchen<\/strong> is opening in the former Pistachio Bistro<\/strong><\/span><\/a> in Place Vendome in Franschhoek in November.<\/p>\n

* \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Haas<\/strong>\u00a0will be closed from 1 – 11 September before opening on Buitenkant Street on 12 September.<\/p>\n

We welcome all restaurant news<\/strong>\u00a0–<\/span>\u00a0please e-mail us at whalecot@iafrica.com<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Chris von Ulmenstein, Whale Cottage Portfolio: \u00a0www.whalecottage.com<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Twitter: @WhaleCottage<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

For the first time in many years Cape Town has seen barely any restaurant closures this winter. There have never been so many chefs leaving their employers to start their own restaurants, or to join other employers! An unusually high number of new restaurants have opened or will do so in the next month or […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false},"categories":[15,3,124,266,14,20,31,22,21,293],"tags":[24922,5705,26440,26945,24306,26669,577,26590,25123,26032,18237,27213,27274,38,8239,27047,18012,24779,1349,19843,24995,27409,26643,9928,25461,25605,182,3982,26579,484,402,1285,9534,1509,24870,19707,17150,32370,1778,5019,1903,4391,25280,10735,25706,2376,26233,27212,25608,5871,24263,240,2552,32378,27375,26597,20061,26341,225,26367,26366,3986,26535,26596,8415,26033,1736,23506,26239,26670,24893,499,26241,25604,7559,26584,25606,24945,160,22605,9481,26588,1437,21507,144,26946,26585,25416,10461,5035,21010,25282,24355,554,581,9360,26574,697,11384,23760,26645,26587,6272,26337,21699,2561,20978,19259,23320,39,18751,576,26582,549,27411,27428,4911,26728,24835,27473,24232,27546,18783,7006,25716,899,13355,8846,27545,27046,27056,21919,11303,21472,580,406,9520,26581,17266,27491,24503,2390,11012,27425,26727,25713,26671,6611,21506,8847,27661,26583,26586,2294,14137,26580,8314,14115,26644,27490,4836,1287,3664,1654,26726,19395,27404,8577,22867,15963,12815,21727,25611,23482,11356,26439,26589,14154,2692,10309,25609,1226,24029,14496,24288,2690,26244,13839,26893,14132,25279,26290,14495,473,32,1362,2869,25710,59,3283,26270,12395,27410,20207,32393,374,26242,11305,17382,25296,26336,7944,27273,32373,26606,20482,26260,19281,25423],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t